Materialize node_modules
Materialize the sandbox node_modules onto the host disk — for an IDE/native tooling, or to make virrun -- pnpm install a faster drop-in for a native install — beyond the produced-artifact write-back.
Why not: It can't beat a native install, by filesystem physics, on every platform. A native pnpm install imports from the warm store via hardlinks (same volume, no byte copies) and is already at the floor the OS allows. Materializing means installing in the sandbox and then copying node_modules out — cross-filesystem (sandbox → host, WSL → NTFS on win32), so hardlinks are impossible; it must write the actual bytes of tens of thousands of files, strictly more work than the native hardlink install, with the in-sandbox install on top. On win32 it also re-pays the full NTFS-metadata + Defender-scan cost that makes a cold native install slow in the first place. Materialize ≥ native install, always: virrun's install advantage exists because node_modules stays in RAM and never touches disk.
This is also why there is no install benchmark group and no roadmap item to "route install through virrun": the os install feeds the fork snapshot, not host disk, so a head-to-head would imply a substitution that can't be made. Write-back enforces it structurally — the flush plan skips every snapshot-lower path, so node_modules is excluded by layer membership.
Cheaper interim: When on-disk deps are genuinely required — an IDE, or a native step like the CI coverage shards — run a plain native pnpm install. It's already at the hardlink floor, and the warm pnpm store cache makes it mostly linking.